Voice (বাচ্য) | Voice Change | Active Voice | Passive Voice

voice বা বাচ্য

Definition:

Voice is the form of the verb which indicates whether the subject does the work or something has been done to it.

ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে।

অথবা : Voice হলো verb এর গঠন যার দ্বারা subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার ওপর এসে পড়ে।

At first need to know voice only usage three sentences, those are (Assertive, Imperative, Interrogative), every body should know properly use of those sentences .

types of voice:

There are two types of voice: voice দুই প্রকার- 

Active voice. (কর্তবাচ্য)

Passive voice. (কর্মবাচ্য)

Active voice: যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।

Structure:
Subject + verb + object.

Example: I do the work.

Passive voice: যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়।

Structure:
Object + be verb + verb এর past participle+ by+ subject.

Example: The work is done by me.

Active voice কে Passive voice করতে হলে কিছ নিয়ম জানা দরকার। প্রথমে দেখব কি কি Auxiliary verb কোন Tense এ Passive voice- এ ব্যবহার হয়।

Uses All Auxiliary verb in Passive Voice is given bellow

Time	Name of tense	Auxiliary verb (Passive voice )	From of  verb
Present	Indefinite	am, is, are	V. P. P
	Continuous	am being,  is being,  are being	V. P. P
	Perfect	have been, has been	V. P. P
	Perfect Continuous	-	-
Past	Indefinite	was, were	V. P. P
	Continuous	was being,  were being	V. P. P
	Perfect	had been	V. P. P
	Perfect Continuous	-	-
Future	Indefinite	shall be,  will be	V. P. P
	Continuous	shall be being,  will be being	V. P. P
	Perfect	Shall have been, will have been	V. P. P
	Perfect Continuous	-	-

Note: - Active voice এর Auxiliary verb থেকে Passive voice- এর Auxiliary verb এক ধাপ এগিয়ে| এর জন্য ¨ Perfect Continuous tense এর Passive voice- হয় না|

@@  Active voice  এর Modal Auxiliary verb  এর সাথে শুধু be যোগ করে দিলেই  passive voice   এর Modal Auxiliary verb হয়ে যায়। যেমন-  

Active voice এর Modal  Auxiliary verb I তার বাংলা  ক্রিয়ার চিহ্ন একসাথে দেখানো হল।	Passive voice এর Modal  Auxiliary verb I তার বাংলা  ক্রিয়ার চিহ্ন একসাথে দেখানো হল।	From of  verb
Can (পারে)	Can be (যেতে পারে)	V. P. P.
Could (পারত)	Could be (যেতে পারত)
May (পারে)	May be  (যেতে পারে)
Might (পারত)	Might be  (যেতে পারত)
Must (অবশ্যই)	Must be (অবশ্যই)
Should (উচিত)	Should be   (হওয়া উচিত)
Ought to (উচিত)	Ought to be (হওয়া  উচিত)
Would	Would be (হত)

Uses of Person

Subjective form	Objective form
I	me
We	us
You	you
He	him
She	her
They	them
It	it
Who	whom
Hasan	Hasan
My friend	My friend
A good boy	A good boy
A pen	A pen
One of the boys	One of the boys
A man of letters	A man of letters

Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:

a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Time	Name of tense	Structure	Active voice	Passive voice
Present	Indefinite	Object এর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I eat rice	Rice is eaten by me.
	Continuous	Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I am eating rice.	Rice is being eaten by me.
	Perfect	Object এর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I have eaten rice.	Rice has been eaten by me.
	Perfect Continuous	-	I have been eating rice for ten minute.	Voice দরকার হয় না।
Past	Indefinite	Object এর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object	I ate rice.	Rice was eaten by me.
	Continuous	Object এর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I was eating rice.	Rice was being eaten by me.
	Perfect	Object এর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I had eaten rice.	Rich had been eaten by me.
	Perfect Continuous	-	I had been eaten rice for ten minutes.	Voice দরকার হয় না।
Future	Indefinite	Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I will eat rice.	Rice will be eaten by me.
	Continuous	Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I will be eating rice.	Rice will be being eaten by me.
	Perfect	Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.	I will have eaten rice.	Rice Will have been eaten by me
	Perfect Continuous	-	I will have been eaten rice for ten minute.	Voice দরকার হয় না।

N.B: যে কোন Continuous Tense - এর সাথে সময় উল্লেখ থাকলে Perfect continuous Tense হয়|

Modal auxiliary verb এর Active to Passive voice

Structure:

Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active voice.	Passive voice.
I can eat rice.	Rice can be eaten by me.
I could eat rice.	Rice could be eaten by me.
I may eat rice.	Rice may be eaten by me.
I might eat rice.	Rice might be eaten by me.
I must eat rice.	Rice must be eaten by me.
I should eat rice.	Rice should be eaten by me.
I ought to eat rice.	Rice ought to be eaten by me.
I would eat rice.	Rice would be eaten by me.

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE

Assertive Sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Assertive sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করতে প্রথমেই object এর subjective form বসে +tense I subject ও number person অনসারে auxiliary verb বসে + মুল verb এর past participle form (p.p. form) বসে+প্রয়োজন মত by/to/with/at ইত্যাদি preposition বসে+ subject এর objective form বসে|

Active voice এ   verb form	Passive voice এ  verb form
Sub+present form He helps me.	Sub+am/is/are+p.p. form I am helped by him.
Sub+ do/does+not+present form He does not drink tea.	Sub+ am/is/are+not+p.p  Tea is not drunk by him.
Sub+am/is/are+-ing I am writing the letters.	Sub+am/is/are+being+p.p. The letters are being written by me.
Sub_+have/has+p.p. They have made a garden.	Sub+have/has+been+p.p. A garden has been made by them.
Sub+past form He did the work.	Sub+was/were+p.p. The work was done by him.
Sub+did not+present form We did not see him.	Sub+was/were+not+p.p. He was  not seen by us.
Sub+am/is/are+going to +present form We are going to set up a school.	Sub+am/is/are+going to+be+p.p. A school is going to be set up by us.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Interrogative sentence কে Active voice  থেকে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করতে Wh-question (where/which/when/why ইত্যাদি) থাকলে তা sentence এর শুরুতেই বসে + tense I object এর subjective form এর number person অনসারে auxiliary verb বসে +object এর subjective form বসে +structure এর প্রয়জনে be/being/been/have been বসতে পারে+মুল verb এর past participle (p.p. form) বসে। তবে Who থাকলে sentence এর সুরুতেই  By whom বসে |  Whom থাকলে sentence এর সুরুতেই  who  বসে| sentence এর শুরুতেই  who বসলে আর subject  বসে না । কারণ who নিজেই subject  এর কাজ করে | 

Interrogative sentence কে Passive voice থেকে Active voice  এ রূপান্তর করতে Wh-question (where/which/when/why ইত্যাদি) থাকলে তা sentence এর শুরুতেই বসে + tense I object এর subjective form এর number person অনসারে auxiliary verb বসে +object এর subjective form বসে +structure অনুযায়ী verb form বসে| তবে By whom থাকলে sentence এর শুরুতেই Who  বসে| who  থাকলে sentence এর শুরুতেই Whom বসে | sentence এর শুরুতেই  who বসলে আর subject  বসে না । কারণ who নিজেই subject  এর কাজ করে | 

Active voice এ   verb form	Passive voice এ  verb form
Do/Does+sub+present form? Does he know you?	Am/Is/Are+sub+p.p.? Are you known to him?
Am/Is/Are+sub+-ing? Are you reading the book.	Am/Is/Are +sub+being+p.p.? Is the book being read by you?
Did+sub+present form? Did you buy the books?	Was/Were+sub+p.p.? Were the books bought by you?
Was/Were+sub+-ing?  Were they playing cricket?	Was/Were+sub+being+p.p.? Was cricket being payed by them?
Should+sub+present form? Should I do it?	Should+sub+be+p.p.? Should it be done by me?
When does he have his meal?	When is his meal had by him?
Who did it?	By whom was it done?

Rule 6: Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence কে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। 

Example 1:
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?

Example 2:
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?

Example 3:
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: You played football.
Assertive এর passive: Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + verb এর past participle form + ?.

Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: Who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whom এর পরিবর্তে who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী

Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
What + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object +?

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Rules of changing voice : Page 3

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

Rule 1: Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form

Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: Shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form

Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + ever be + verb এর past participle form

Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never do this.
Passive: Let not this ever be done.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + verb এর past participle form + for + ব্যক্তিবাচক object

Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.

Rule 7: Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for a friend.
Passive: He was taken for a friend by me.

Rule 8: Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + verb এর past participle form + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।

Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me. Active: He teaches us math. Passive: we are taught English by him.

Rule 9: Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।

Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.

Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।

Active: People say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the king of forest.

Rule 10: Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে Intransitive verb এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।

Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: They looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11: Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Active voice subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object/Complementary objectবলে।

Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।

Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: We call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13: Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject টির object।

Active: He caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: You ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14: Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle form.

Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

Rule 15: Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে verb এর past participle form বসে।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16: Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle form.

Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: You agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

Rule 17: One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + verb এর past participle form

Active: One should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.